Increased Prevalence of Cardiovascular and Autoimmune Diseases in Periodontitis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Corresponding Author
Willem Nesse
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Correspondence: Dr. Willem Nesse, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. Fax: 31-50-3611136; e-mail: [email protected].Search for more papers by this authorPieter U. Dijkstra
Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen.
Search for more papers by this authorFrank Abbas
Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Periodontology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen.
Clinic for Periodontology Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorFred K.L. Spijkervet
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorJan A.H. Tromp
Clinic for Periodontology Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorJohan L. van Dijk
Clinic for Periodontology Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorArjan Vissink
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Willem Nesse
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Correspondence: Dr. Willem Nesse, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. Fax: 31-50-3611136; e-mail: [email protected].Search for more papers by this authorPieter U. Dijkstra
Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen.
Search for more papers by this authorFrank Abbas
Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Periodontology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen.
Clinic for Periodontology Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorFred K.L. Spijkervet
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorJan A.H. Tromp
Clinic for Periodontology Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorJohan L. van Dijk
Clinic for Periodontology Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorArjan Vissink
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Background: Associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases are most often assessed in patients with a particular cardiovascular or autoimmune disease. To prevent selection bias, this study assesses the existence of associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases in patients attending a dental or periodontal clinic.
Methods: Data were collected from 1,276 randomly selected dental records from patients attending a dental (n = 588) or periodontal (n = 688) clinic. Data on the prevalence of cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases were obtained from a validated health questionnaire. Data on the presence of periodontitis were taken from patients’ dental records.
Results: In uncontrolled analyses, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is significantly increased in patients with periodontitis. Controlled for confounding, periodontitis was associated with DM, with an odds ratio of 4 (1.03 to 15.3), in the dental clinic. DM was not associated with periodontitis in periodontal clinics. Hypertension does not seem to be associated with periodontitis when controlling for confounders. Periodontitis may be associated with RA in both clinic types.
Conclusions: The increased prevalence of cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases among patients with periodontitis attending dental or periodontal clinics may, at least in part, be influenced by confounding. However, the increased prevalence of DM and RA in patients with periodontitis could not be explained by confounding.
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