Discovery Science
Antioxidants Counteract Nicotine and Promote Migration via RacGTP in Oral Fibroblast Cells†
Symone M. San Miguel,
Lynne A. Opperman,
Edward P. Allen,
Jan Zielinski, Kathy K.H. Svoboda,
Corresponding Author
Symone M. San Miguel
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX.
Correspondence: Dr. Symone San Miguel, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246. E-mail: [email protected].Search for more papers by this authorLynne A. Opperman
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX.
Search for more papers by this authorEdward P. Allen
Department of Periodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry.
Search for more papers by this authorKathy K.H. Svoboda
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX.
Search for more papers by this authorSymone M. San Miguel,
Lynne A. Opperman,
Edward P. Allen,
Jan Zielinski, Kathy K.H. Svoboda,
Corresponding Author
Symone M. San Miguel
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX.
Correspondence: Dr. Symone San Miguel, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246. E-mail: [email protected].Search for more papers by this authorLynne A. Opperman
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX.
Search for more papers by this authorEdward P. Allen
Department of Periodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry.
Search for more papers by this authorKathy K.H. Svoboda
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX.
Search for more papers by this author†
indicates supplementary video in the online Journal of Periodontology.
Abstract
Background: Smoking is associated with an increased risk of oral health and dental problems. The aim of this study is to address the hypothesis that nicotine impairs wound healing by increasing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting cell migration, and antioxidants (AOs) may counteract nicotine effects.
Methods: Primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human periodontal ligament (HPDL) fibroblasts were grown to confluence, pretreated with 6 mM nicotine for 2 hours, and treated with AOs in the presence of nicotine. The pure AO compounds ferulic acid (F), phloretin (P), tetrahydrocurcuminoid Cockroft Gault (T), and resveratrol (R) were tested in single, double, or triple combinations (10−5 M). The migratory behavior at a scratch-wound edge was recorded every 15 minutes for 10 hours by using live-cell imaging. The active form of the Rho-associated protein (Rac) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) (RacGTP) was immunolabeled and analyzed using confocal microscopy.
Results: Combinations of double and triple AOs had a greater effect than single AOs on migration rates and Rac activation. The triple combinations PFR and RFT clearly and unambiguously counteracted the effects of nicotine and significantly increased migration rates in HGF and HPDL fibroblast.
Conclusions: Treatment with AO combinations clearly counteracted the effects of nicotine by restoring and increasing cell-migration rates. We found the combination of PFR was the most effective in HGFs, whereas, RFT was the most effective combination in HPDL fibroblast. These results clearly demonstrate that PF, RFT, and PFR counteract the negative effects of nicotine on cultured oral fibroblasts via the RacGTP signal-transduction pathway.
Supporting Information
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| jper1675-sup-0019.wmvapplication/wmv, 846.6 KB | Supplementary material |
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| jper1675-sup-0025.wmvapplication/wmv, 846.6 KB | Supplementary material |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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